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Tanzania
Background: Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s.
Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique Geographic coordinates: 6 00 S, 35 00 E Map references: Africa Area:
Area - comparative: slightly larger than twice the size of California Land boundaries:
Coastline: 1,424 km Maritime claims:
Climate: varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south Elevation extremes:
Natural resources: hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel Land use:
Irrigated land: 1,500 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: the tsetse fly; flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought Environment - current issues: soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture Environment - international agreements:
Geography - note: Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa
Population:
35,306,126
Age structure:
Population growth rate: 2.57% (2000 est.) Birth rate: 40.17 births/1,000 population (2000 est.) Death rate: 12.88 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.) Net migration rate: -1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.) Sex ratio:
Infant mortality rate: 80.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.) Life expectancy at birth:
Total fertility rate: 5.51 children born/woman (2000 est.) Nationality:
Ethnic groups: mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African Religions: mainland - Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim Languages:
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
Literacy:
Country name:
Data code: TZ Government type: republic Capital:
Dar es Salaam
Administrative divisions:
25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi
Independence: 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964 National holiday: Union Day, 26 April (1964) Constitution: 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984 Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch:
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal; High Court, judges appointed by the president Political parties and leaders: Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo or CHADEMA [Bob MGKANI, chairman]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Front or CUF [Seif Sharif HAMAD]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Reverend MTIKLA]; National Convention for Construction and Reform or NCCR [Mabere MARANDO]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA]; Union for Multiparty Democracy or UMD [Abdullah FUNDIKIRA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO] International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic representation in the US:
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Flag description: divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue
Economy - overview: Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-99 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Short-term economic progress also depends on curbing corruption. GDP: purchasing power parity - $23.3 billion (1999 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 4% (1999 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $550 (1999 est.) GDP - composition by sector:
Population below poverty line: 51.1% (1991 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.8% (1999 est.) Labor force: 13.495 million Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% (1995 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget:
Industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt Industrial production growth rate: 8.4% (1999 est.) Electricity - production: 1.7 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - production by source:
Electricity - consumption: 1.625 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998) Electricity - imports: 44 million kWh (1998) Agriculture - products: coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar), corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats Exports: $828 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) Exports - commodities: coffee, manufactured goods, cotton, cashew nuts, minerals, tobacco, sisal (1996) Exports - partners: India 9.8%, Germany 8.9%, Japan 7.8%, Malaysia 6.5%, Rwanda 5.2%, Netherlands 4.7% (1997) Imports: $1.44 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) Imports - commodities: consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil Imports - partners: South Africa 12.9%, Kenya 9.6%, UK 8.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.6%, Japan 4.9%, China 4.6% (1997) Debt - external: $7.7 billion (1999 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $963 million (1997) Currency: 1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 798.90 (January 2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998), 612.12 (1997), 579.98 (1996), 574.76 (1995) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Telephones - main lines in use: 127,000 (1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: 30,000 (1999) Telephone system:
fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperature terminal) system under construction
Radio broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998) Radios: 8.8 million (1997) Television broadcast stations: 3 (1999) Televisions: 103,000 (1997) Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 7 (1999)
Railways:
Highways:
Waterways: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa Pipelines: crude oil 982 km Ports and harbors: Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar Merchant marine:
Airports: 129 (1999 est.) Airports - with paved runways:
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Military branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force or TPDF (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia Military manpower - availability:
Military manpower - fit for military service:
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $21 million (FY98/99) Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 0.2% (FY98/99)
Disputes - international: dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) Illicit drugs: growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for European and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa Please click here for a guide to the country profiles Click here for all other countries
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